Royal Dux Bohemia is the most common name for a porcelain manufactory founded in 1853 in the town of Dux in Bohemia, Czechoslovakia (now Duchtsov, Czech Republic).
In 1860 it was bought by the successful expert modeller Eduard Eichler, and it became known as "E. Eichler Tonvaren-Fabrik". The factory successfully produced products, mainly from faience, majolica and terracotta, for which it received a silver medal at an exhibition in 1878 in Paris. Eichler died in 1887; the management of the company was first taken over by his widow, and then by his adopted son, Wilhelm Hans. He expanded and improved the production of porcelain, introduced a soft paste for the manufacture of porcelain. Growing rapidly, at the end of the 19th century, the company was transformed into a joint stock corporation "Duxer Porzellanmanufaktur A.G." headquartered in Berlin. This time was especially successful for the factory thanks to the designer Alois Hampel, who created a series of Art Nouveau figurines. The firm began exporting porcelain and earthenware figurines to Europe and the United States, and received honorary awards such as the Grand Prix at the World′s Fair in St. Louis in 1904 and a silver medal at the Milan exhibition in 1906. The period of modernism began. This period is one of the most successful in the history of the company, and some of the then introduced forms are produced to this day.
After the Second World War, cooperation with the Higher School of Industrial Art in Prague helped to preserve and expand the huge range of products manufactured. Since the mid-1950s, the Duchtsovka manufacture has begun to regain its lost positions in foreign markets. Czechoslovakia (1918-1922) was behind the "Iron Curtain" from 1948 to 1990; after the Velvet Revolution in 1989, initiated by students and supported by the entire country, in the winter of 1992, Czechoslovakia collapsed. Throughout the politically unstable period, the nationalized Royal Dux factory did not stop the production of exquisite porcelain products for which it gained worldwide fame. Before the Nazi occupation in 1938, the company produced about 12 thousand porcelain molds and exported fine earthenware and porcelain figurines all over the world. The fall of the Iron Curtain allowed connoisseurs of exquisite porcelain figurines to once again enjoy the beauty, original design and quality of Czech porcelain from the Royal Dux factory. However, the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s posed a threat to the factory: Royal Dux was not spared by the dramatic changes in leadership and chaos that accompanied massive political upheaval. Currently, the privatized company "Porcelánová Manufaktura Royal Dux Bohemia" (name since 1992) has been a member of the Czech Porcelain Group since 1997.